The particle of god.

The God particle or scientifically called the Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the standard model. First suspected to exist in the 1960s, it is the quantum excitation of the Higgs Field, a fundamental field of crucial importance to particle physics theory. Unlike other known fields such as the electromagnetic field, it is scalar and also has a non-zero constant value in vacuum. The question of the existence of the Higgs field became the last unverified part of the Standard Model of particle physics, and for several decades, was considered the central problem in particle physics.

In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson with spin zero, no electric charge and no color charge. It is also very unstable, decaying into other particles almost immediately. It is a quantum excitation of one of the four components of the Higgs field. The latter constitutes a scalar field, with two neutral and two electrically charged components that form a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU(2) symmetry. The Higgs field has a Mexican hat-shaped potential. In its ground state, this causes the field to have a nonzero value everywhere (including otherwise empty space), and as a result, below a very high energy it breaks the weak isospin symmetry of the electroweak interaction. (Technically the non-zero expectation value converts the Lagrangian’s Yukawa coupling terms into mass terms). When this happens, three components of the Higgs field are "absorbed" by the SU(2) and U(1) gauge boson (the Higgs mechanism”) to become the longitudinal components of the now-massive W and Z boson of the weak force. The remaining electrically neutral component either manifests as a Higgs particle, or may couple separately to other particles known as fermions (via Yukawa coupling), causing these to acquire mass as well. Some versions of the theory predicted more than one kind of Higgs fields and bosons. Alternative higgles models were considered until the discovery of the Higgs boson.

A new particle with a mass of 125 GeV was discovered in 2012 and later confirmed to be the Higgs boson with more precise measurements.

Jacopo Antonelli Drago Baker St.

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